Dr. Lee Kok Keong Raymond

Dr Raymond Lee is a cardiologist at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore. He provides specialised care in the management and treatment of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease. Upon his graduation from Flinders University in South Australia (MBBS, 1991), Dr Lee continued his basic training at the Flinders Medical Centre. He then completed specialty training in Internal Medicine (MRCP Edinburgh, 1997). Following his Advanced Specialist Training in Cardiology, he obtained specialist accreditation in 2003. Then, through the Health Manpower Development Programme Award, he undertook a one-year fellowship at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. His training there focused on Advanced Echocardiography.

In 2006, he pursued a fellowship in Cardiac CT at the University of Erlangen in Germany under the TTSH Scholarship Award. That same year, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh as well as of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. Prior to his move to private practice, Dr Lee was a consultant in the Department of Cardiology at Tan Tock Seng Hospital. During his tenure, he served as the Director of Clinical Research as well the Director of Postgraduate Education. Dr Lee has a keen interest in research too. He has been involved in several local studies and some international multi-centre randomised controlled studies. An extensively published cardiologist, particularly in echocardiography, valvular heart disease and heart failure, Dr Lee has numerous international journals to his name such as the International Journal of Cardiology, Heart, Echocardiography, and the Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine.

Through his years of practice, Dr Lee has also gained much expertise in cardiac imaging. He makes use of the technology to aid in early detection of coronary artery disease and the management of valvular heart disease.

1. Dunbabin DW, Tallis GA, Lee RKK, Popplewell PY

Lead poisoning from Indian Herbal Medicine (Ayurveda). Medical Journal of

Australia 1992; 157 : 835-836.

2. Lee R, Hanekom L, Marwick TH, Leano R, Wahi S.

Prediction of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction with Strain Rate Imaging in

Patients with Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation. American Journal of

Cardiology 2004; 94 : 1333-1337.

3. Lee R, Gill DS, QW Yong.

Isolated Rupture of the Interventricular septum due to a fall from a height.

International Journal of Cardiology 2005; 98(3): 525-526.

4. Lee R, Haluska B, Leung D, Case C, Mundy J, Marwick TH.

Functional and Prognostic Implications of Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve in

Patients with Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation. Heart 2005

Nov;91(11):1407-12.

5. Gill DS, Noarbe MF, Lee RK, Yong QW, Ng KS.

Cardiac tamponade associated with an elevated arterial blood pressure.

European Journal of Internal Medicine 2005 Nov;16(7):515-7.

6. Gill DS, Lee RK, Yong QW, Ng KS.

Isolated traumatic chordal rupture of the anterior tricuspid valve. Echocardiography

2006 Mar;23(3):254-5.

7. Lee R, Chan YH, Wong J, Lau D, Ng K.

The 6-minute walk test predicts clinical outcome in Asian patients with chronic

congestive heart failure on contemporary medical therapy: A study of the

multiracial population in Singapore. International Journal of Cardiology 119

(2007):168-75.

8. Foo D, Lee R.

Pulsating Mediastinal Mass Post Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Journal of

Cardiovascular Medicine 2007; 8:868-869.

9. Lee R, Marwick TH.

Assessment of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Mitral

Regurgitation. European Journal of Echocardiography (2007)8:175-84.

10. Lee R.

Update on Management of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors:

Pharmacological Strategy. Singapore Family Physician 2008;34(1):42-47.

11. Lee R, Chan SP, Chan YH, Wong J, Lau D, Ng K.

Impact of Race on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Congestive Heart

Failure: A Study of the Multiracial Population in Singapore. International Journal of

Cardiology 2009 May 29;134(3):422-5. Epub 2008 Apr 18.

12. Tan L, Ng K, Au WL, Lee RK, Chan YH et al.

Bromocriptine Use and the Risk of Valvular Heart Disease. Movement Disorders

2009 Feb 15;24(3):344-9.

13. Bart BA, Cen YY, Hendel RC, Lee R, Marwick TH, Missov ED, Bachour FA,

Herzog CA.

Comparison of dobutamine stress echocardiography, dobutamine SPECT, and

adenosine SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with end-stage renal

disease. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2009 Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print].

14. Lee R, Ng K, Hsu LF, Lim J.

Screening for Sub-clinical Atherosclerosis with B-Mode Carotid Ultrasound

improves Risk Stratification in Asymptomatic South East Asian Patients without

known Cardiovascular Disease. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on

Coronary Artery Disease 2009 (October 11th to 14th Prague, Czech Republic).

15. Lee R, Ng K, Hsu LF, Lim J.

Low HDL-C predicts Sub-clinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic South East

Asian Patients without known Cardiovascular Disease. Proceedings of the 8th

International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease 2009 (October 11th to 14th

Prague, Czech Republic).

16. Lee R, Lim J, Kaw G, Wan G, Ng K, Ho KT.

Comprehensive non-invasive evaluation of bypass grafts and native coronary

arteries in patients after coronary bypass surgery: Accuracy of 64-slice multidetector

computed tomography compared to invasive coronary angiography.

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2010 Feb;11(2):81-90.

17. Lee R, Chan SP, Wong J, Lau D, Ho KT, Ng K.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Survival in South East Asian Patients with

Congestive Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. International

Journal of Cardiology. 2010 Jun 25;142(1):97-100. Epub 2009 Jan 6.

18. Tan LC, Ng KK, Au WL, Lee RK, Tan NC.

Bromocriptine use and myocardial function. Movement Disorders 2011

Apr;26(5):923-4.d10.1002/mds.23594. Epub 2011 Mar 21.

19. Lee R.

Rationale for Combination Therapy in Lipid Management Strategy

Singapore Family Physician 2011;37(4)(Supp 2):14-17.

20. Chia PL, Earnest A, Lee R, Lim J, Wong CP, Chia YW, Weng JY, Negi A, Khatri P,

Foo D.

Coronary artery calcification across ethnic groups in Singapore. Ann Acad Med

Singapore. 2013 Sep;42(9):432-6.

21. Zhong L, Ng KK, Sim LL, Allen JC, Lau YH, Sim DK, Lee RK, Poh KK, Chua TS,

Kassab GS, Kwok BW, Tan RS.

Myocardial contractile dysfunction associated with increased 3-month and 1-year

mortality in hospitalized patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.

Int J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 3;168(3):1975-83. Epub 2013 Jan 19.